Today China is one of the most powerful country in the world. But can you imagine that just 40 years ago, the poverty rate in this country was more than 90%. Poverty and starvation had ravaged the entire country. But then in the next 30 years such a terrible transportation was seen that where did this country reach. In 1978, China’s contribution to the global GDP was only 2%. Today, China gives more than 18% contribution. Their poverty rate in global GDP is now less than 1%. And China is the second largest economy in the world. It can be considered a super power country. But how was this possible? Is there magic to be seen here? Let’s study the details on how to study China.
Revolution 1978 – Prime Minister
China was the name of an old dynasty that ruled China about 2000 years ago and unified China. Now this is the reason why we often call Chinese people as Chinese in Hindi which has come from the sign. Another interesting fact on sugar – here what is actually sugar is considered refined sugar. For the first time in India, white refined sugar was brought by a Chinese man. Did a Chinese man open a sugar mill here or did it come from the Chinese route only?
Before that we used to use only sugar and jaggery, so because one brought sugar, we started calling it sugar. Another interesting fact here Chinese people do not call their country as China. They use the word for their country – Chumhu which means Middle Kingdom – Symbolist of 4000 year old history of China. How China used to be the center of the world, used to be in the middle, to be seen on Akshay. China is the fourth largest country in the world, the country shares its border with India, but most of the population of China actually lives on the East Coast, far away from India, because the fertile land where cultivation is possible is in this area. is more present in In the West there are Himalayan hills and desert. Due to its size, China used to be a very successful and powerful kingdom. The effect of colonialism was seen till the 19th century and after that, although the British Raj never completely captured China like it had captured the Indian subcontinent, but still China was looted from different triangles.
This is the reason why the period from 1839 to 1949 is called the Century of Humiliation. It begins with the Chinese in the year 1839 when the British East India Company used to trade Opium in China. Opium is a drug to which Chinese people become badly addicted and the entire Chinese society is devastated. After this, many treaties are forced to be signed by China, in which China is taught to hand over its land and its ports to the British. Then in 1850 a fierce civil war takes place. Millions of people are killed in China in the name of Typing Rebellion. Fast forward 40 years, then in 1894 the first Sino-Japanese war is witnessed. The Chinese and the Japanese go to war with each other over territory. At this time China was being ruled by China Dynasty, so don’t confuse where its name came from. That China dynasty was 2000 years old, this one’s name was between 1857 and 1945.
About 30 million Chinese people die in World War 2. Amidst all this, a ray of hope is seen when China finally wins World War 2. Japan follows behind with the Highlight Forces. But as soon as the war ended, a civil war broke out in China. Fighting continued between the Chinese Communist Party and the heads of the Nationalist Party. It started in the year 1927 itself. But when Japan invaded during World War 2, then they stopped fighting. This civil war ends in the year 1949. With the victory of the Chinese Communist Party, the people of the Nationalist Party flee to neighboring Ireland. Which is called the country of Taiwan on this day and which is the country of mainland China, where the rule begins, Mao Zedong , this is the point from where you can say that the country of China has started. October 1st, 1949 – People’s Republic of China is born.
Year 1958 – Great Leaf Forward Campaign is launched by Mao, its purpose was to be an economic and social transformation in the country, whose main policy was to take away the land from the hands of the landowners and distribute it among the farmers. Land distribution and then collective agriculture cooperatives were formed so that many farmers could work on the same land. But ultimately the ownership of the land was in the hands of the government. Second Industrialism. On the one hand, building big industrial plants for steel production, but on the other hand, asking people to build steel furnaces on a small scale under the guise of their home gardens. The intention was good to produce steel at the local level. Wanted to develop the country economically but the result was very bad. People had made their own small steel fairways in the garden of their houses which were not of good quality. Many quality steel used to come out of it. There was no incentive for anyone else to increase their produce because there was no profit sharing and no private ownership. The ownership of the land was ultimately in the hands of the government, so whatever crop was being grown by the farmers had to be given to the government, due to which there was a huge decline in productivity.
Green production fell by 15% between 1958 and 61. In a few years, due to bad weather and some other special stroke policies of Mau, the situation became so bad that starvation came in the whole country. Such a terrible famine came that about 20 to 40 million people died at this time. In China, it is said to be one of the deadliest feminism in history. Simply put, Mao Zedong was a dictator and because there is no system of checks and balances for a dictator, which we have in a democracy. So dictators often have the habit of following their own wish without thinking and testing, Mau took many such decisions which worsened the situation in China since then. Another example of such a decision was sparrow extermination. Mo’s aim was to increase food production. So ordered that all the sparrows and all the birds should be killed by the people.
Because those sparrows eat grains and take grains of some crops from the field, therefore the crops in the fields are affected, so all the sparrows should be killed. The insects are multiplying so fast and our crops are getting damaged even more. Due to this our problem of food shortage is getting worse. Then later a scientist put his mind to it and came to know that if all the birds are killed, there will be no one left to eat those insects. The bird used to reduce the food of spiders, due to which their population remained under control. Here the whole ecological balance was disturbed and the situation became like this, then starvation came. After such a big failure, Mo started being criticized. By the general public of China and also by the people of the Communist Party.
But Mo was not ready to admit his mistake. Another campaign is started with the name of Cultural “Revolution 1966” that it would seem that its aim was to bring color revolution in our country but its real aim was to give control in the hands of Mo and to spence the opposition. Propaganda and para machinery are used extensively here
Mother is also seen floating herself in the river from young to demonstrate her power. A civilian army has been formed by the students called Red Gods.
Loyal soldiers of Redguards Mau who had red common bands on their hands and used to roam around with small Red Book of Mau in their hands. Their job is to target those who are against Mo. Intellectual party officials who were not loyal to Mo’s ideology were targeted. He was publicly humiliated and often violence was also seen against him. There were people within the Communist Party itself who were critiquing the Cultural Revolution. Mo was critiquing and he too was targeted. He was one of the few people who were high-ranking party officials but were still targeted by red cards by the Red Gods. An atmosphere of fear was created in the whole country in the name of this revolution.
People are being encouraged to look at their neighbors, look at their family members, wherever the story of a terrorist is seen, a traitor is seen – traitor means who is speaking against Mo’s ideology, find them and report them. Schools and universities were shut down and the students were told to go to the fields and learn about the condition of the farmers and experience the hardships of life. Things got out of control in no time. The Red Gods started fighting amongst themselves. Historical sites and cultural environment seemed to be destroyed in the country. People’s lives have turned upside down. This was the time when the people of the ticket were also tortured a lot. After going to the final, Mao realized that in the name of this cultural revolution, there was a crazy match in the country, which is doing more work of dividing the country. So in the year 1968, to take back the control, the system of Red Garden Ace was abolished. Estimates vary a lot. It is said that there will be a number between 100 of thousand to 2 million people who lost their lives because of the Cultural Revolution. In total, it is said that 250 million people were killed because of Mao’s policies. After going to China in 1976, Mao Zedong died due to ill health.
And till then there was not much improvement in the condition of China but it is not that only failures and bad things were seen in Mau’s time. There were also some positive achievements especially in terms of women’s equality and education. A nationwide public education system was launched. A campaign was launched by the government to eliminate illiteracy. As a result China’s literacy rate improved greatly during Mau’s leadership. In 1978, compared to 1949, there were three times more primary and secondary schools in China. The school became a strong foundation at the same time, with the help of which China brought millions of people out of poverty, as we will see later in the story. Their government made strategic investments in education in the fields of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, which are called Breast Fields. With the help of this, a talent bridge will be created in the whole country, so that the technology of the country will progress further.
A new marriage law has been passed in the year 1950, according to which arranged marriage and first marriage were made illegal throughout the country. Women were given the right to divorce and in many other countries, women were given equal rights. An attempt was made to bring but if we come back to our time of 1976, after Mau’s life in China, a new leader emerges, within the Chinese Communist Party, Singh is also called the Father of Modern China in South, because during his time Al transportation begins in China’s
Those who raised their voice against Mau during his reign , because of this he had to forcefully resign from his all position during the time of Cultural Revolution, so it was obvious that the ideology was very different from Mau’s ideology, Drink believed that The government had too much tight control over the Chinese economy, due to which China was destroyed in the last 50 years, they wanted to liberate the economy, that is why they introduced their policies of economic liberalization. Will talk one by one but the ideology that was over them is today named as Socialism with Chinese Characteristics. Deeg first introduced a household responsibility system to bring transportation in agriculture system. Mother launched her Great Lip Forward campaign.
In that, private farming was completely abolished. It was not allowed to transfer land to any individual. Saree ownership was in the hands of the government at the local level. The bank said that this ownership would not be changed. I will remain the same but we will give the land on lease to individual and their family on long term contract, who will have the right to decide which crops they want to grow, how to manage their business and from where they want profit. Who got more freedom to grow crops of their own choice? Second, Deeg said that everyone has to sell a certain amount of their crops to the government, but after meeting the quota, they are producing more than that, that too is a story. If you can go to the beach and work for extra profit, then who got motivation and innovation in their productivity. Why is Kerala ji status so developed today, although the specifics of those reforms were slightly different, so we can discuss them in another video, but Dogs Outing has adopted the same idea, we introduce factory manager responsibility on factories as well.
What was done so far, the responsibility of managing the industrial factories in China during Mo’s time was given to the people of the Communist Party. They will now have more freedom to decide what they want to produce, what is their production target, at what price they will sell and how much they will get paid. Imagine working hard for yourself, there is a factory that makes shoes, but for example, now the laborers and the managers who work in the factory have the right to decide how many shoes should be produced and what materials should be used. At what cost those shoes should be sold and how much salary should be bought for all of us, who were low laborers, a sense of ownership came inside them and there is accountability that we are a factory, if we want, we can make it successful, centralized planning in the time of Mo. There was a lot of one person sitting at home dictating everything that everything should run like this, the government will decide what is happening and what is not happening, but in the time of deg, decentralization was seen, more freedom was given in the economic sense. Due to all the policy measures, millions of people started coming out of poverty and people’s lives started changing. Between 1978 and 1984, the average agricultural output in China increased by 7.4%, the green production in China doubled. Between the 1970s and the mid-1980s, the next big step was to revolutionize education, focusing on educating people, which is why a compulsory education program was introduced in 1986 by the government, with nine years of free and compulsory education for every child in China. Compare this with India, after how many years the Right to Education Act was brought in India, in the year 2009, by bringing this law in China, the matter was not ended here, the government started spending money consistently and on the application of the people. In 1980, the money that the government was spending on education was approximately 2% of GDP and gradually it kept increasing and in the year 2012 it reached 4.1% of GDP, once again compare it with India. According to the latest figure, our government has spent 2.9% of GDP on education. Not only this, China has also focused a lot on technical and vocational education.
People should be taught those skills which are actually needed in jobs. Friends, if you have my Singapore If you have seen the video, then you must be remembering that this thing is going very sunny because it is like this, friends, all the developed countries have focused a lot on education and they are developed because such a big priority has been given to education. Due to sub major China has seen lot of improvement in literacy rate Sir it was 65% in 1982 and crossed 95% in 2010 and comparison India’s total literacy rate is still at 77% similarly spend money on health care Karna is another such big indicator China projected its health by 5.5% of GDP in 2021 and India projected around 2.96% according to 2020 data Next development streets were Dengshping’s townships and villages within prices called TV it B This is very similar to India’s Cooperative model in many ways. In Cooperative India they are usually started by the workers working in the Cooperative but on the other hand TVS which is owned by the Township and Village both are here for the purpose To bring economic growth in more areas and to raise the living standard of the people. In India, we usually see more cooperatives in agriculture and dairy sector like Amul, but TV will be seen in almost every sector in this China, Textiles, Electronic Manufacturing Services, Infact a big TV That too is an example of technology.
This company was started as a TV eye in the area of Shenzhen, but today it has become a global leader in telecommunications. Another good example of this is Banjo, a city in China. Small shoe-making factories were established, gradually it expanded and became so big that today the shoe industry of Banjo is a big export sector. Shoes made here in China are not only in China but also outside China. By the early 1990s, TVs were employing around 100 million people, the living standard of people in China started increasing, usually and in urban areas, an income gap is often seen, but here this income gap is less. Due to Gaya TVS, about 20% of China’s total output TV was coming from this, crores of jobs were generated in 199 because of this, but this could happen only when people were already educated and skilled, Sir in 1980 to do all this Special Economic Zones have also been set up in China, tax incentives have been given, bureaucrats have made the process easier and less regulations have been made so that investment can be made immediately. Let’s do it but I am mentioning this point later because to reach this point China had to do many other things so that it could be possible so that this foreign investment would be successful when the foreign company is in the country. If you invest money, then they will definitely have skilled people. If people are not educated and skilled, then no money should be invested. Liver was cheap here. The first Special Economic Zone is distributed in China, which was a small fishing village and within a few years it becomes a major metropolis. In 1980, the GDP of Sensing was 0.3 billion dollars, by 2020 it reached 420 billion dollars. An open door policy was created to encourage people to come in.
China’s economy was opened to the rest of the world. This is called economic liberalization. In China, this year was done only in 1978. Economic liberalization in India was seen later in 1991. Ko milli turning n economy that our country is able to launch n second industrial revolution Due to the global economy, many multinational companies like Nick Apple, Water Vegan, they have set up their manufacturing facilities in China, in 1980, China’s FD was 0.06 billion, in 2021, it crossed 30033 billion dollars, in addition to all this, infrastructure development But even the government has done a lot of foxes Railway lines should be made public transport in lions Good and at the same time the government has made scientific research a priority Produced a crush training program Priority areas have been created for more than 8 lakh Chinese researchers Energy production Computer optics Space technology Physics and genetics were given huge fundings, the money spent by the government in research and development of these science research centers kept increasing gradually and in the year 2020 it crossed 500 billion dollars.
Beijing is a big example of this. Zoom Bhagwan Khoon Science Park was built in the year 1988 because it is a hub of technology and innovation, many hi-tech companies, research institutions and universities, here you will see friends, India and China were almost equal in the year 1990. It was only a little more in China’s comparison 1000 2002 Versus 983 of China but their change was so much that today China’s GDP on Capita is three times more than India according to the numbers of 2020 India 6454 and China 17312 in saree Revolutionary policy said that they were thinking of crossing the river by feeling the stones approach, we do it on the river, then by looking at each and every stone, we do it on the river, every decision that was taken was taken in a pragmatic practical way. It was not taken that one day the mother of a dictator came up with an idea that brother should do this to change the whole country and without thinking, without asking the advisor, she implemented her decision which mother did, we learn from Danger.
Open that how Bringing reforms is a gradual process which should be done with great thought, testing and adjusting policies at every step, further needed, now it is not even that, friends’ dings outing was absolutely a hero in our story and he did nothing wrong. For economics, his thinking was more feverish for independence, but politically he was a dictator, yet within the time of 1989, one thing that was ignored in all the policies that was ignored was the impact on environment ecology. It was and which continued during the time of authority, the result of this we can see today in Ji Jinping. If he wanted a dangerous outing, he could have transitioned China to democracy, but did not. The one who came out again does as per his wish and the decision is delayed without thinking, this is the reason that in the pendent in 2020, severe lockdowns were seen, again restrictions are being imposed on the freedom of the people in China.